Integrated Phase Noise

Integrated Phase Noise is a method of expressing the quality of the signal source. The IPN is calculated from the phase noise measurement.
Integrated results may be displayed in a number of formats:

Integrated single sideband phase noise [dBc]:

\int{L(f)}}df

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Spectral density of phase modulation, also kown as RMS phase error [degrees]:

Sphi(f) =(180/\pi)\sqrt(2\int{L(f)}df)\)  

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Spectral density of frequency fluctuations, also known as RMS frequency error or residual FM [Hz]:

Snu(f) =\sqrt(2\int{L(f)f^{2}}df)

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